Genesis Chapter 43 Bible Study – The Return to Egypt with Benjamin

The Famine Persists and Food Runs Low (Genesis 43:1-4)

Genesis 43 begins with the famine still severe in Canaan, causing Jacob and his family to run out of food again. Jacob’s sons inform him that they must return to Egypt to buy more grain (Genesis 43:1-2). However, Jacob is reluctant to send Benjamin, his youngest and now only remaining son of Rachel, fearing harm might come to him as with Joseph (Genesis 43:3-4).

Judah’s Plea for Benjamin’s Safety (Genesis 43:5-14)

Judah, who had earlier been hesitant about bringing Benjamin, now offers to personally guarantee Benjamin’s safety before Jacob (Genesis 43:8-9). He reminds Jacob of the grief he caused by sending Joseph away and pleads that allowing Benjamin to go is necessary to sustain their family (Genesis 43:8-10).

Jacob finally consents but prepares Benjamin with gifts and double the money to pay for the grain (Genesis 43:11-12). The brothers then set out for Egypt, taking the gifts to present to Joseph, unaware that he is the ruler they are coming to see (Genesis 43:13-14).

Arrival in Egypt and Joseph’s Surprise (Genesis 43:15-18)

When the brothers arrive in Egypt, Joseph sees Benjamin and is deeply moved (Genesis 43:23). He orders the steward to prepare a meal, inviting his brothers to dine with him. This is a significant change from their previous encounter in Genesis 42, as Joseph now treats them with kindness and dignity.

The Brothers’ Fear and Joseph’s Hospitality (Genesis 43:19-34)

The brothers are fearful about their treatment but obey Joseph’s command. Joseph seats them according to their ages, with Benjamin receiving five times the portion of the others (Genesis 43:33). The generous hospitality contrasts with the earlier harshness Joseph showed them.

Joseph’s emotional state is evident, but he conceals his feelings from his brothers while showing them favor (Genesis 43:30-31).

Theological Themes and Cross References

God’s Providence in Restoration

The return to Egypt with Benjamin initiates the process of family reconciliation and restoration (Genesis 45:4-15).

Repentance and Reconciliation

Judah’s willingness to bear responsibility for Benjamin reflects growth and a repentant heart, echoing themes of forgiveness (2 Corinthians 7:10).

Divine Timing and Mercy

Joseph’s hospitality shows God’s timing in moving from judgment to mercy (Romans 8:28).

Practical Lessons from Genesis 43

  1. Face Fears with Faith and Courage – Jacob overcomes fear to allow Benjamin to go.
  2. Responsibility and Leadership Matter – Judah’s leadership helps move the family forward.
  3. God Prepares the Way for Healing – Joseph’s kindness signals God’s plan to restore relationships.
  4. Grace Can Be Shown Even When Others Have Wronged You – Joseph chooses mercy.
  5. Family Unity Is Essential During Difficult Times – The brothers act together for their family’s survival.